Programming language
A programming language is a system of notation for writing computer programs. Most programming languages are text-based formal languages, but they may also be graphical. They are a kind of computer language. The description of a programming language is usually split into the two components of syntax (form) and semantics (meaning), which are usually defined by a formal language. Some languages are defined by a specification document (for example, the C programming language is specified by an ISO Standard) while other languages (such as Perl) have a dominant implementation that is treated as a reference. Some languages have both, with the basic language defined by a standard and extensions taken from the dominant implementation being common. Programming language theory is the subfield of computer science that studies programming languages' design, implementation, analysis, characterization, and classification.
Programming language in hindi
एक प्रोग्रामिंग भाषा कंप्यूटर प्रोग्राम लिखने के लिए अंकन की एक प्रणाली है। [1] अधिकांश प्रोग्रामिंग लैंग्वेज टेक्स्ट-आधारित औपचारिक भाषाएं हैं, लेकिन वे ग्राफिकल भी हो सकती हैं। वे एक तरह की कंप्यूटर भाषा हैं। एक प्रोग्रामिंग भाषा का विवरण आमतौर पर सिंटैक्स (फॉर्म) और शब्दार्थ (अर्थ) के दो घटकों में विभाजित होता है, जो आमतौर पर एक औपचारिक भाषा द्वारा परिभाषित होते हैं। कुछ भाषाओं को एक विनिर्देश दस्तावेज़ द्वारा परिभाषित किया जाता है (उदाहरण के लिए, सी प्रोग्रामिंग भाषा एक आईएसओ मानक द्वारा निर्दिष्ट की जाती है) जबकि अन्य भाषाओं (जैसे पर्ल) में एक प्रमुख कार्यान्वयन होता है जिसे एक संदर्भ के रूप में माना जाता है। कुछ भाषाओं में दोनों हैं, एक मानक द्वारा परिभाषित मूल भाषा के साथ और प्रमुख कार्यान्वयन से लिए गए एक्सटेंशन सामान्य हैं। प्रोग्रामिंग भाषा सिद्धांत कंप्यूटर विज्ञान का उपक्षेत्र है जो प्रोग्रामिंग भाषाओं के डिजाइन, कार्यान्वयन, विश्लेषण, लक्षण वर्णन और वर्गीकरण का अध्ययन करता है।
Definitions(परिभाषाएं)
Computer languages vs programming languages
The term computer language is sometimes used interchangeably with programming language. However, the usage of both terms varies among authors, including the exact scope of each. One usage describes programming languages as a subset of computer languages. Similarly, languages used in computing that have a different goal than expressing computer programs are generically designated computer languages. For instance, markup languages are sometimes referred to as computer languages to emphasize that they are not meant to be used for programming. One way of classifying computer languages is by the computations they are capable of expressing, as described by the theory of computation. The majority of practical programming languages are Turing complete,and all Turing complete languages can implement the same set of algorithms. ANSI/ISO SQL-92 and Charity are examples of languages that are not Turing complete, yet are often called programming languages.However,
some authors restrict the term "programming language" to Turing complete languages.
Another usage regards programming languages as theoretical constructs for programming abstract machines and computer languages as the subset thereof that runs on physical computers, which have finite hardware resources.John C. Reynolds emphasizes that formal specification languages are just as much programming languages as are the languages intended for execution. He also argues that textual and even graphical input formats that affect the behavior of a computer are programming languages, despite the fact they are commonly not Turing-complete, and remarks that ignorance of programming language concepts is the reason for many flaws in input formats.
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